Electrostatic lenses satisfy the general properties of lenses.
2.
Velocity map imaging is based on the use of an electrostatic lens to accelerate the ions toward the detector.
3.
In that same year, Reinhold Rudenberg, the scientific director of the Siemens company, had patented an electrostatic lens electron microscope.
4.
Source ions are then generally accelerated to an energy of 1 50 keV ( kiloelectronvolts ), and focused onto the sample by electrostatic lenses.
5.
What is special about side-window tubes is an electrostatic lens is used to focus the beam onto a very small spot on the anode.
6.
Following electrodes ( " grids " ), electrostatic lenses, focus this crossover onto the screen; the spot is an image of the crossover.
7.
A potential of 100 V applied to the electrostatic lenses removes charged particles from the gas stream and only excited state species flow to the third chamber.
8.
In 1963, G . F . Rempfer designed the electron optics for an early ultrahigh-vacuum ( UHV ) PEEM . In 1965, G . Burroughs at the Night Vision Laboratory, Fort Belvoir, Virginia built the bakeable electrostatic lenses and metal-sealed valves for PEEM . During the 1960s, in the PEEM, as well as E . Ruska and developed it into a marketable product, called the " Metioskop KE3 ", by Balzers in 1971.
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